- Scattered through the seas of the world are billions of tons of small plants and animals called plankton. Most of these plants and animals are too small for the human eye to see. They drift about lazily with the currents, providing a basic food for many larger animals. Plankton has been described as the equivalent of the grasses that grow on the dry land continents, and the comparison is an appropriate one. In potential food value however, plankton far outweighs that of the land grasses. One scientist has estimated that while grasses of the world produce about 49 billion tons of valuable carbohydrates each year. The sea’s plankton generates more than twice as much.Despite its enormous food potential, little effort was made until recently to farm plankton as we farm grasses on land. Now marine scientists have at last begun to study this possibility, especially as the sea’s resources loom even more important as a means of feeding an expanding world population.No one yet has seriously suggested that “planktonburgers” may soon become popular around the world. As a possible farmed supplementary food source, however, plankton is gaining considerable interest among marine scientists.One type of plankton that seems to have great harvest possibilities is a tiny shrimplike creature called krill. Growing to two or three inches long, krill provide the major food for the giant blue whale, the largest animal ever to inhabit the Earth. Realizing that this whale may grow 100 feet and weigh 150 tons at maturity, it is not surprising that each one devours more than one ton of krill daily.Krill swim about just below the surface in huge schools sometimes miles wide, mainly in the cold Antarctic. Because of their pink color, they often appear as a solid reddish mass when viewed from a ship or from the air. Krill are very high in food value. A pound of these crustaceans contains about 460 calories—about the same as shrimp or lobster, to which they are related.If the krill can feed such huge creatures as whales, many scientists reason, they must certainly be contenders as new food source for humans.1.Which of the following best portrays the organization of the passage?A.The author presents the advantages and disadvantages of plankton as a food source.B.The author quotes public opinion to support the argument for farming plankton.C.The author classifies the different food sources according to amount of carbohydrate.D.The author makes a general statement about plankton as a food source and then moves to a specific example.2.According to the passage, why is plankton regarded to be more valuable than land grasses?A.It is easier to cultivate.B.It produces more carbohydrates.C.It does not require soil.D.It is more palatable.3.Why does the author mention “planktonburgers”?A.To describe the appearance of one type of plankton.B.To illustrate how much plankton a whale consumes.C.To suggest plankton as a possible food sources.D.To compare the food values of beef and plankton.4.What is mentioned as one conspicuous feature of krill?A.They are the smallest marine animals.B.They are pink in color.C.They are similar in size to lobsters.D.They have grass like bodies.5.The author mentions all of the following as reasons why plankton could be considered a human food source except that it is ___.A.high in food value.B.in abundant supply in the oceans.C.an appropriate food for other animals.D.free of chemicals and pollutants.
- Which is safer-staying at home， traveling to work on public transport， or working in the office? Surprisingly， each of these carries the same risk， which is very low. However， what about flying compared to working in the chemical industry? Unfortunately， the former is 65 times riskier than the latter! In fact， the accident rate of workers in the chemical industry is less than that of almost any of human activity， and almost as safe as staying at home.The trouble with the chemical industry is that when things go wrong they often cause death to those living nearby. It is this which makes chemical accidents so newsworthy. Fortunately， they are extremely rare. The most famous ones happened at Texas City (1947)，Flixborough (1974)， Seveso (1976)， Pemex (1984) and Bhopal (1984)。Some of these are always in the minds of the people even though the loss of life was small. No one died at Seveso， and only 28 workers at Flixborough. The worst accident of all was Bhopal， where up to 3，000 were killed. The Texas City explosion of fertilizer killed 552. The Pemex fire at a storage plant for natural gas in the suburbs of Mexico City took 542 lives， just a month before the unfortunate event at Bhopal.Some experts have discussed these accidents and used each accident to illustrate a particular danger. Thus the Texas City explosion was caused by tons of ammonium nitrate(硝酸铵)，which is safe unless stored in great quantity. The Flixborough fireball was the fault of management， which took risks to keep production going during essential repairs. The Seveso accident shows what happens if the local authorities lack knowledge of the danger on their doorstep. When the poisonous gas drifted over the town， local leaders were incapable of taking effective action. The Pemex fire was made worse by an overloaded site in an overcrowded suburb. The fire set off a chain reaction os exploding storage tanks. Yet， by a miracle， the two largest tanks did not explode. Had these caught fire， then 3，000 strong rescue team and fire fighters would all have died.1.Chemical accidents are usually important enough to be reported as news because ____.A.they are very rareB.they often cause loss of lifeC.they always occur in big citiesD.they arouse the interest of all the readers2.Which of the following statements is true?A.Working at the office is safer than staying at home.B.Traverlling to work on public transport is safer than working at the office.C.Staying at home is safer than working in the chemical industry.D.Working in the chemical industry is safer than traveling by air.3.According to passage， the chemical accident that caused by the fault of management happened at ____.A.Texas city B.Flixborough C.Seveso D.Mexico City4.From the discussion among some experts we may coclude that ____.A.to avoid any accidents we should not repair the facilities in chemical industryB.the local authorities should not be concerned with the production of the chemical industryC.all these accidents could have been avoided or controlled if effective measure had been takenD.natural gas stored in very large tanks is always safe5.From the passage we know that ammonium nitrate is a kind of ____.A.natural gas， which can easily catch fireB.fertilizer， which can't be stored in a great quantityC.poisonous substance， which can't be used in overcrowded areasD.fuel， which is stored in large tanks
- More attention was paid to the quality of production in France at the time of Rene Coty. Charles Deschanel was then the financial minister. He stressed that workmanship and quality were more important than quantity for industrial production. It would be necessary to produce quality goods for the international markets to compete with those produced in other countries. The French economy needed a larger share of international market to balance its import and export trade.French industrial and agricultural production was still inadequate to meet the immediate needs of the people, let alone long-ranged developments. Essential imports had stretched the national credit to the breaking point. Rents were tightly controlled, but the extreme inflation affected general population most severely through the cost of food. Food costs took as much as 80 percent of the worker's income. Wages, it is true, had risen. Extensive family allowances and benefits were paid by the state, and there was fulltime and overtime employment. Taken together, these factors enabled the working class to exist but allowed them no sense of security. In this discouraging situation, workmen were willing to work overseas for higher wages.The government was unwilling to let workers leave the country. It was feared that migration of workers would reduce the labor force. The lack of qualified workers might hinder the improvement in the quality of industrial products produced. Qualified workers employed abroad would only increase the quantity of quality goods produced in foreign countries. Also the quantity of quality goods produced in France would not be able to increase as part of its ualified labor force moved to other countries.1. The purpose of the passage is to_______.A. explain the French government's emphasis on quality productsB. discuss Charles Deschanel's contribution to the French industrial developmentC. compare the quality of French goods with that of foreign goodsD. show French workmen's enthusiasm to seek well-paid jobs in foreign countries2. It can be inferred from the passage that at the time of Rene Coty .A. France was still at the first stage of industrial developmentB. French workers were better paid than the workers in any other European countriesC. the unemployment rate in France was comparatively higher than that in other European countriesD. French workers were able to live better with the increase in their wages3. It is implied in the passage that at that time_______.A. France had a very large share of international marketB. the import and export trade in France was making a successful advanceC. demand and supply in France was barely balancedD. France was experiencing economic depression4. Which of the following is the best indicator of the extreme inflation in France?A. Eighty percent increase in the prices of consumer goods. B. High cost of food.C. High rents for houses. D. Lack of agricultural products.5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Rents in France were tightly controlled.B. France was flooding the international market with inferior product s.C. French workers were prohibited from going abroad to find jobs.D. The migration of French workers would hinder the improvement of quality in industrial production.
- 翻译训练：地域特色文明文明是多彩的，人类文明因多样才有交流互鉴的价值。文明是平等的，人类文明因平等才有交流互鉴的前提。文明是包容的，人类文明因包容才有交流互鉴的动力。当今世界，人类生活在不同文化、种族、肤色、宗教和不同社会制度所组成的世界里，各国人民形成了你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体。应该推动不同文明相互尊重、和谐共处，让文明交流互鉴成为增进各国人民友谊的桥梁、推动人类社会进步的动力、维护世界和平的纽带。应该从不同文明中寻求智慧、汲取营养，为人们提供精神支撑和心灵慰藉，携手解决人类共同面临的各种挑战。
- 翻译训练：普通话与方言中国土地广阔，人口众多。尽管全国都讲汉语，但是不同地区的人说汉语的方式不同，这被称为方言。方言一般被称为地方话，是汉语在不同地区的分支，只在特定地区使用。汉语方言非常复杂。它们有以下三方面不同：发音、词汇和语法。发音的区别最为显著。2000多年前，中国人发现社交时应该使用统一的语言。和方言相比，普通话(mandarin)能被所有人理解。普通话有利于不同种族、地区人民之间的信息传递和文化交流。
- 翻译训练：大学生创业近年来大学生创业(entrepreneurship)问题越来越受到社会的关注,因为受过多年教育的大学生属于高级知识分子,他们背负着社会的种种期望。在社会经济繁荣发展的同时,大学生创业也成为新气象。现代大学生有创新精神,有对传统观念和传统行业挑战的信心和欲望,而这种创新精神也成为大学生创业的动力源泉,成为成功创业的信心基础。大学生怀揣创业梦想,努力打拼,实现自己的理想,证明自己的价值。
- 翻译训练：酒和饮酒文化在中国的历史中占据着重要地位。从宋代开始，白酒(white liquor)成为中国人饮用的主要酒类。中国白酒制作工艺复杂，原料丰富多样，是世界著名的六大蒸馏酒(distilled liquor)之一。中国有很多优秀的白酒品牌，受到不同人群的喜爱。在当代社会，饮酒文化得到了前所未有的丰富和发展。不同地区和场合的饮酒习俗和礼仪已成为中国人日常生活中重要的部分。在几千年的文明史中，酒几乎渗透到社会生活中的各个领域，如文学创作、饮食保健等。
- 翻译训练：筷子(chopsticks) 是中国传统的独具特色的进食工具 (diningutensils) ，至今已有数千年的历史。筷子在古代被称为“箸”，大约从明朝开始才有了 “筷子”的称呼。筷子多为竹子制成，也有用木头、象牙(ivory)、金属或其他材料制作而成。它要么上方下圆，要么上下全圆而上粗下细。不管其形状如何，筷子必须是成对使用的，并且两只筷子的大小长短要相同。筷子是中国人日常生活的必备工具，它的发明充分反映了中国人民的智慧。
- 翻译训练：要了解中国文化，就应该对中国的戏曲文化有所了解。中国地方戏种类很多，其中京剧是一个具有代表 性的剧种。作为一个独立的剧种，京剧的诞生大约是在1840年至I860年。京剧是在吸收其他地方戏营养的基础 上形成的。京剧有明确的角色分工;在念白上用北京方言;在音乐上以胡琴为主要伴奏乐器。由于京剧是在融 合各种地方戏之精华的基础上形成的，所以它不仅为北京的观众所钟爱，也受到全国人民的喜爱。
- 翻译：Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. (Passage Four)
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